In these practice problems, we will work on determining the Lewis structures of molecules and ions.
In short, remember these steps for determining the Lewis structure:
1. Write the correct skeletal structure for the molecule.
* Hydrogen atoms are always terminal (only one bond)
* Put more electronegative elements in terminal positions
2. Sum the valence electrons from all the atoms.
3. Use a pair of electrons to form a bond between each pair of bound atoms.
4. Add the remaining electrons to satisfy the octet for a more electronegative atom first.
5. If any atoms lack an octet, make a double or triple bond to give them an octet.
1.
Determine the Lewis structures of the following molecules:
| (a) BF3 |
(b) CH2O |
(c) HCN |
(d) BeCl2 |
(e) CH2Cl2 |
| (f) SOCl2 |
(g) SO2 |
(h) PCl5 |
(i) XeO4 |
(j) NCl3 |
| (k) SiCl4 |
(l) SF2 |
(m) H2S |
(n) SO3 |
(o) COCl2 |
| (p) PCl3 |
(q) OF2 |
(r) BrF5 |
(s) N2O |
(t) SF6 |
| (u) POCl3 |
(x) XeF2 |
(y) XeF4 |
(z) C2H2 |
NO2 |
a)
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b)
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c)
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d)
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e)
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f)
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g)
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h)
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i)
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j)
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k)
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l)
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m)
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n)
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o)
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p)
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q)
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r)
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s)
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t)
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u)
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v)
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w)
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x)
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y)
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z)
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{)
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2.
Determine the Lewis structure of each ion: (a) NH4+, (b) H3O+, (c) CN– (d) SCN–, (e) CO32-, (f) ClO3–, (g) SO42- (h) PO43- (i) SO32– (j) NO2– (k) BF4– (l) NO3–.
| (a) NH4+ |
(b) H3O+ |
(c) CN– |
(d) SCN– |
(e) CO32- |
| (f) ClO3– |
(g) SO42- |
(h) PO43- |
(i) SO32– |
(j) NO2– |
| (k) BF4– |
(l) NO3– |
(m) ClO4– |
|
|
a)
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b)
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c)
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d)
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e)
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f)
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g)
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h)
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i)
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j)
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k)
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l)
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m)
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3.
Lewis structures of Organic Compounds
Select the correct Lewis structure for the formula C3H8
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4.
Select the correct Lewis structure for the formula C2H2
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5.
Select the correct Lewis structure for each of the following carbocation:
C3H7+
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6.
Identify the correct Lewis structure:
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7.
Identify an acceptable Lewis structure for the following compound:
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8.
Select a structure(s) that contains an atom with an incomplete octet:
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9.
Which atom is missing a lone pair in the following structure?
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10.
All of these are correct Lewis structures except:
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